Miniature Polyester
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Miniature Polyester Questions
Development of Textile Based Sensor for Measuring Bio-Signal
1.INTRODUCTION:
New applications in the field of so-called smart textiles for health monitoring are having a high demand of new techniques to successfully miniaturize and embed electronics, optics and sensors into fabrics and garments. The benefit of close to the body measurements are numerous e.g. enhanced comfort and ease of movement for the wearer, reduction of loose connecting wires between sensors, electronic circuits and energy sources. Textile integrated sensors could measure a large variety of variables, e.g. physical dimensions like pressure, stress and strain applied to the textile or biomedical dimensions such as heart rate, electrocardiogram (ECG), sweat rate and sweat composition(salts, pH), respiration rate or. arterial oxygenation (SpO2) of the monitored subjectMost of these sensors are based on microelectronic devices or conductive polymers which are integrated into the fabric structure, or are part of the fibrous structure themselves. Optical fibers made of polymeric materials have the advantage of high flexibility and low stiffness compared to glass fibers, therefore they are receiving more and more attention in the field of smart textiles and will complement electrical wires and sensors in the near future.
2.ECG MEASUREMENT:
- Find the cause of unexplained chest pain, which could be caused by a heart attack inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart or angina.
- Find the cause of symptoms of heart disease, such as shortness of breath, dizziness,fainting, or rapid, irregular heartbeats (palpitations).
- Find out if the walls of the heart chambers are too thick (hypertrophied).
- Check how well medicines are working and whether they are causing side effects that affect the heart.
2.1.Factors affecting the ECG measurement
Reasons you may not be able to have the test or why the results may not be helpful include:
- Not having the electrodes securely attached to your skin.
- Moving or talking during the test.
- Excersing before the test.
- Being anxious or breathing very deeply or rapidly.
2.2.Mechanism of heart
Two different types of cells in our heart enable the electrical signal to control your heartbeat Conducting cells carry your heart’s electrical signal and Muscle cells enable your heart’s chambers to contract, an action triggered by your heart’s electrical signal. The electrical signal travels through the network of conducting cell “pathways,” which stimulates your upper chambers (atria) and lower chambers (ventricles) to contract. The signal is able to travel along these pathways by means of a complex reaction that allows each cell to activate one next to it, stimulating it to “pass along” the electrical signal in an orderly manner. As cell after cell rapidly transmits the electrical charge, the entire heart contracts in one coordinated motion, creating a heartbeat.
3.ELECTRODE USING EMBROIDERY:
Embroidery is done by using conductive yarn.In this project we are using silk zari yarn. There are various type zari yarns are available.We are using zari yarn with silver coated which will not corrode by perspiration and the conductivity of the silver coated zari yarn is comparitevly higher.Machine embroidery is done because we need very close embroidery.Then only the contact area of the skin and the electrode will increases
.
Fig.1
Figure 1 is the model for electrode over that silver paste is applied for increasing the conductivity of electrode and also it won’t create any harmful effect to skin
3.1.STEPS INVOLVED IN MEASURING ECG USING TEXTILE ELECTRODE:
Before starting we need four materials.Those are conductive material which is silkzariyarn,base fabric as polyester,synthetic material as conductive paste and snap fastner.Then characterization of textile based electrode is carried out. Development of electrode follows the following steps Designed embroidery shape for in wilcom softwareMade 3 elements on polyester fabric through machine/hand embroidery technique in barudan embroidery machine.Then fabrication of snap fastner in ground fabric using conductive paste is done.
3.2.CONSTRUCTION OF ELECTRODES:
Embroidered electric circuits for sensing electrodes (metal coated yarn)on the polyester fabric.Cover all the elements with conductive paste.Attach the snap fasteners at the top of the electrodes.Stitching is carried out in single needle lock stitch sewing machine to finish is given.Then amplification is done for amplifying the signals emitted from the electrode.
3.3MEASUREMENT OF ECG:
Measurement of ECG measurement is based on the signal transmitted from the electrode.
4.PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODE:
4.1.Mechanical Properties
To develop practical wearable systems, mechanical properties of e-textiles are critical. However, there has been very little research that systematically evaluates the physical behavior of e-textiles. Moreover, the fact that each research project uses its own evaluation method, different from a traditional textile testing method, results in empirical findings in fragments and makes it difficult to understand the mechanical behavior as textiles.
4.2.Flexibility:
The hanging heart loop method was modified for textile cables made of copper wires, nylon fibers, and aluminum metalized polyester shielding. Because this e-textile was much stiffer than any conventional textiles, load helping textiles bend was applied and Bus Stiffness (Kb) was calculated from the slope of the load-displacement curve (See Equation 1). Bus stiffness measurement of the textile cable was reported to be three times larger than the same textile strap without any conductive component.
4.3.Washability
Washability is a very unique characteristic of e-textiles unless the wearable system is disposable. Washability is related to chemical resistance against moisture and detergents as well as physical resistance against mechanical stresses and high temperature. Known as the most efficient conductor, copper itself is disqualified for washability because it is corroded quickly by moisture. Challenges regarding washability have a grave consequence: most smart clothing has been developed as a concept and exists only in laboratories.
4.4.1.Chemical Properties:
Reaction with chemical is very difficult to withstand.So,we should measure chemical properties.
4.4.2.Acids
Generally good resistance.
4.4.3.Alkalis
Acetate Butyrate: good resistance to weak alkalis; degraded by strong alkalis.
Polyester: these also show similar characteristics. Metal foil types are more resistant.
4.5.Electrical Properties
Metallic (m.c.) fibres conduct electricity – the metalized types having a lower conductivity than the foil types.
4.6.Mechanical Properties:
As metallic (m.c.) yarns are used primarily for decorative purposes, they do not as a rule contribute significantly to the strength of fabrics or garments. Nevertheless they may be used as weft or warp yarns, and are strong enough to withstand the weaving, and knitting operations. If necessary the metallic yarns are combined with support yarns, such as nylon. The plastic film of the metallic yarn is flexible, and the yarns are extensible to a degree that depends upon the type.
4.7.Thermal Properties:
The plastic films in metallic fibres are thermoplastic, and will soften at elevated temperatures. Delaminating may occur if the fibres are heated, and acetate types in particular should be processed only at low temperatures. The plastic film may be permanently embossed by heat and pressure, and special effects may be introduced into the fibres in this way.
4.8.Washing:
Acetate butyrate types may be hand washed in lukewarm water with a mild soap. If processed as silks or woollens, they may be safely washed in home or commercial laundry equipment. Polyester types may be washed at temperatures up to 70°C. Dimensional stability is good and crease resistance is fair. Most coated polyester yarns will not withstand treatments other than those used for silks or woolens.
5.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:
The electrode should have the above properties good. We should select the material for electrode which satisfy the above properties.Online monitoring of ECG signal measurement to be carried out for assessing ECG signals of moving person.
6.REFERENCE:
- X. M. Tao, “Wearable electronics and photonics”, Woodhead Pub. Ltd, Cambridge, 2005.
- T. Kirstein, D. Cottet, J. Grzyb, G. Tröster, “Textiles for signal transmission in wearable’s”, Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and Middleware Support for Electronic Textiles, CA, 2002.
- R. Al Mahfudh, C. Rezendes, “Smart Fabrics, Interactive Textiles and Related Enabling Technologies: Market Opportunities and Requirements Analysis”, Intertech Pira smart fabrics Conference, Charleston, SC, USA, May 2008
- Carpi F, De Rossi D (2005) “Electroactive polymer-based devices for e-textiles in biomedicine”, IEEE Trans INF Techno Biomed 9:295–318.
- J. Lee, and H. Lee, D. Kang, 2010, “Textile electrode of jacquard woven fabrics for biosignal measurement”, The Journal of the Textile Institute, Vol. 101, No. 8 August/2010.
- Linz T et al. (2005), “New Interconnection Technologies for the Integration of Electronics on Textile Substrates”, Ambience 2005, Tampere, September 2005.
About the Author
V.GaneshbabuB.Kirankumar S.Parthiban
BTECH FT
PSG COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
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